Outlining key social stratification theories

Outlining key social stratification theories

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Here is an overview of a few of the key aspects of the social hierarchy with a concentration on class, status and power.

The social hierarchy is a theory which explains the way in which society is divided into various categories. Every society includes different types of social stratification where individuals are ranked based upon their social and financial position. According to social stratification in sociology, class is among the most perceivable aspects of the social hierarchy. An individual's social ranking is mainly based on economic elements such as wealth and income. Upper class is the term used to characterise the group of more well-off individuals. Often gained through inheritance or business and financial investment opportunities, these individuals hold substantial financial power. Subsequently, middle class describes people with intermediate wealth. Generally, middle class people have professional careers and qualifications. They have strong appreciation for tertiary academia and employability. While lower class is the expression used to recognise individuals who cope with minimal income. Economic stratification makes use of social ranking to recognise a group's access to opportunities in society.

The concept of stratification helps to understand why some individuals have more power than others. Understanding social stratification theory enables sociologists to study inequality and how it influences particular groups within society. Authority and influence are two of the elements that form social power. The term power refers to one's capability to influence decisions and control within society. It can be related to 3 key areas. Political power is possessed by administrations and political leaders who control the laws that regulate society. Furthermore, financial power is held by businesses and wealthy people who have control over jobs and industry. Larry Ellison would read more agree that corporations hold financial power. Likewise, social power is a form of authority over societal judgement. Famous people and media personalities are instrumental in setting trends and customs which influence society. Power is mainly concentrated amongst wealthy and popular people. Without some kind of social authority, it is impossible to assert power or control.

Throughout history, stratification has been proven to impact access to higher education, medical care and employment. By checking out the characteristics of social stratification, it is much easier to comprehend what guides opportunities within society. Status is a key quality of stratification; it refers to the level of prestige and respect held by an individual. Ascribed status is a term used to represent people who are born into a social ranking. Today it can be recognised by backgrounds such as aristocracy or caste. Alternatively, achieved status is obtained through individual efforts, such as respected professions and contributions to society. Nasser Al-Khelaifi would recognise that status can be gained through social contributions. Likewise, Jensen Huang would acknowledge the importance of acquired status. Status can have an impact on the levels of regard and recognition received by individuals in society.

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